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  • Environment Setup

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    Installing Kotlin command-line compiler One of the key features of Kotlin is that it has interoperability with Java i.e. You can write Kotlin and Java code in the same application. Like Java, Kotlin also runs on JVM therefore to install Kotlin on Windows directly and work with it using the command line You need to…

  • Procedures

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    A procedure is a group of statements that perform a well-defined task and can be invoked from your program. Information (or data) is passed to the calling program, to the procedure as arguments. There are two types of procedures − Function A function is a procedure that returns a single quantity. A function should not modify its…

  • Overview

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    What is Kotlin? Kotlin is a new open source programming language like Java, JavaScript, Python etc. It is a high level strongly statically typed language that combines functional and technical part in a same place. Currently, Kotlin mainly targets the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), but also compiles to JavaScript. Kotlin is influenced by other popular…

  • File Input Output

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    In the last chapter, you have seen how to read data from, and write data to the terminal. In this chapter you will study file input and output functionalities provided by Fortran. You can read and write to one or more files. The OPEN, WRITE, READ and CLOSE statements allow you to achieve this. Opening…

  • Comments

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    Java Comments Java comments are text notes written in the code to provide an explanation about the source code. The comments can be used to explain the logic or for documentation purposes. The compiler does not compile the comments. In Java, comments are very similar to C and C++. In Java, there are three types of comments:…

  • Pointers

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    In most programming languages, a pointer variable stores the memory address of an object. However, in Fortran, a pointer is a data object that has more functionalities than just storing the memory address. It contains more information about a particular object, like type, rank, extents, and memory address. A pointer is associated with a target…

  • Basic Operators

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    Java provides a rich set of operators to manipulate variables. We can divide all the Java operators into the following groups − The Arithmetic Operators Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expressions in the same way that they are used in algebra. The following table lists the arithmetic operators − Assume integer variable A holds…

  • Derived Data Types

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    Fortran allows you to define derived data types. A derived data type is also called a structure, and it can consist of data objects of different types. Derived data types are used to represent a record. E.g. you want to keep track of your books in a library, you might want to track the following…

  • Unicode System

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    Unicode is an international character set that encompasses a vast range of characters, symbols, and scripts from many languages across the globe. Unicode System in Java Java programming language, being platform-independent, has built-in support for Unicode characters, allowing developers to create applications that can work seamlessly with diverse languages and scripts. Before Unicode, there were…

  • Dynamic Arrays

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    A dynamic array is an array, the size of which is not known at compile time, but will be known at execution time. Dynamic arrays are declared with the attribute allocatable. For example, The rank of the array, i.e., the dimensions has to be mentioned however, to allocate memory to such an array, you use the allocate function. After the…