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  • C++ Environment Setup

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    Local Environment Setup If you are still willing to set up your environment for C++, you need to have the following two softwares on your computer. Text Editor This will be used to type your program. Examples of few editors include Windows Notepad, OS Edit command, Brief, Epsilon, EMACS, and vim or vi. Name and…

  • Overview

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    C++ is a statically typed, compiled, general-purpose, case-sensitive, free-form programming language that supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming. C++ is regarded as a middle-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features. C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, as an enhancement…

  • String Handling

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    String handling statements in COBOL are used to do multiple functional operations on strings. Following are the string handling statements − Inspect Inspect verb is used to count or replace the characters in a string. String operations can be performed on alphanumeric, numeric, or alphabetic values. Inspect operations are performed from left to right. The…

  • Loop Statements

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    There are some tasks that need to be done over and over again like reading each record of a file till its end. The loop statements used in COBOL are − Perform Thru Perform Thru is used to execute a series of paragraph by giving the first and last paragraph names in the sequence. After…

  • Pointer Arithmetics in C

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    A pointer variable in C stores the address of another variable. The address is always an integer. So, can we perform arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction on the pointers? In this chapter, we will explain which arithmetic operators use pointers in C as operands, and which operations are not defined to be performed…

  • Applications of Pointers in C

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    One of the most important features of C is that it provides low-level memory access with the concept of pointers. A pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable in the memory. The provision of pointers has many applications such as passing arrays and struct type to a function and dynamic memory allocation, etc.…

  • Pointers and Arrays in C

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    In C programming, the concepts of arrays and pointers have a very important role. There is also a close association between the two. In this chapter, we will explain in detail the relationship between arrays and pointers in C programming. Arrays in C An array in C is a homogenous collection of elements of a…

  • Conditional Statements

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    Conditional statements are used to change the execution flow depending on certain conditions specified by the programmer. Conditional statements will always evaluate to true or false. Conditions are used in IF, Evaluate, and Perform statements. The different types of conditions are as follows − IF Condition Statement IF statement checks for conditions. If a condition…

  • Pointers in C

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    Pointers in C are easy and fun to learn. Some complex C programming tasks can be performed more easily with pointers, while some other tasks such as dynamic memory allocation cannot be performed without using pointers. So it becomes necessary to learn pointers to become a perfect C programmer. With pointers, you can access and…

  • Data Layout

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    COBOL layout is the description of use of each field and the values present in it. Following are the data description entries used in COBOL − Redefines Clause Redefines clause is used to define a storage with different data description. If one or more data items are not used simultaneously, then the same storage can…